Dr. Wilson's major interest is public health genetics. This covers a wide spectrum of activities - from establishing the contribution that genetic predisposition makes to disease burden in populations, through evaluating potential interventions to prevent illness and death from genetic disease, to assessing how health services may be appropriately and efficiently organized to deliver such interventions. A key element of such work as understanding the perspectives and values of the general public, service users, health professionals and decision makers.

She applies her public health training to questions of emerging health technologies, particularly genomics in medicine and public health. Her interdisciplinary research program spans a broad questions pertaining to the evidence base for genome-based tests and health interventions, effective service delivery models, and social and family implications of genomics.